Public Policy
01/1
Public policy action by govt respond specified circumstance. Purpose: expand public good
Public study: research on policy topics
Public advising: practice of providing info to policy makers
Public Policy (PP) should be
Multi disciplinary
Problem solving
Normative
Multi disc: sociology economics law politics etc
Problem solving: the more issue happen, more pp
But not all issue handled
Agenda setting, academia, activist
Address on priority
Based on happening issue
The more happening, the more govt give attention
Social media become mainstream in society. Blewn up. Attract a lot attention
Normative: should not be cloaked in the guise of scientific objectivity
Should recognize the impossibility of separating goals and means, or values and techniques
There are many actors who influence to agenda setting and policy making process
How big opportunity to address it
Unknown politician
Renewable energy in parliament commission v. Only 1-2 people who interest
The actors who bring the issue is not powerful enough to policy makers
Agenda setting is the first move
To choose the actors who will talk
It's not ideal world
PP is about priority
PP approach
Policy analysis
Design
Evaluation
Policy process studies
Policy change studies
Policy making studies
Policy implementation studies
Policy analysis
What problem, causes, instruments needed to address problem
Identify, investigate
Policy design
Produce clear connection between assumed causes, instrument
Policy evaluation, produce normative knowledge between outcome output
Policy process studies
Enable us to understand dynamic of policy making
Different element composing the whole process
Spesific attention to the role of context
Steps. PP life cycle
Discussion n debate 》 Political action 》 legislative proposal 》 law and regulation 》 compliance 》 debate so on.
There are opportunity to change after implementation based on compliance, discussion and debate
PP process
Problem identification 》 policy formulation 》 policy adoption 》 policy implementation 》 policy evaluation 》 back to problem identification etc
Evaluation
LIPI is thinktank of govt
Badan kebijakan fiskal
Not sharp as independent evaluator
They are part of govt. Fund from govt. Hv limitation
Most of evaluation done by independent, such as university, activist, NGO etc
Ideal evaluation
Output meet the implementation
Problem identification
What is problem/issue
What will role of govt
What is agenda
Issue come to attention of govt through interest group, organization, court cases, member of congress, bureaucratic agencies, individual citizens
Challenge: differing opinions and priorities
Policy formulation
What are steps that will be taken to solve the issue
Will the issue be dealt with all at once or stages
Challenge: different solution proposed by different individual, group, etc
Policy adoption
What course of action will the govt ultimately take
Will it be new legislation or executive order
Challenge:
Time consuming process
Can be difficult and often times controversial
Policy implementation
How will it be applied to real situations
How will the govt make sure the general public will know about it
What consequences for individual, states, organization that do not follow it
Challenge: uniformity and equal application of the law to all levels of govt
Policy evaluation
What positive changes have resulted
What the challenge
What the unforeseen problems
What hv been the unexpected cost
Challenge
Will policy be evaluated in the same way by different govt entities
Throw out the policy or amend it?
Political agenda
Set of issues thought by public or people in power to merit action by govt
Question to consider
Current political values
Weight of custom n tradition
Impact of events
Policy actors
Official
Constitutional responsibilities
Legislative, executives, judiciary
Unofficial actors
Participation with explicit legal authority
Interest group, media, citizens, think tank, political parties (but hv strong because hv arm) oligarchic chain
PP instruments
Legislation and govt policy and priorities
Budget, taxation
Persuasion, public pressure
Inspection, audit
Provision of service
Press release
Things to keep in mind
Pp constantly changing. Reshape, modified etc
Pp inferred from actions and behavior of govt agencies involve overtime
Policy is process
Complex, multiple levels
There will be winner and losers in policy making process
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